Sources Of Crime - 1305 Words

My first source I found using EBSCOhost and the academic search premier. Using terms such as cyber, cybercrime, cyber security, and multiple terms commonly associated with hacking I was able to find a fairly informative list of tips for helping to protect yourself from the criminals out to get you on the internet. My second source I found on Opposing Viewpoints in Context, which goes into detail about identity theft along with the different methods used by internet criminals to target individuals. My third source I found on Opposing Viewpoints in Context as well searching through the computer crime page which provides information on how to make sure your staying safe with your emails. My last source is also from Opposing Viewpoints in†¦show more content†¦Commercials for services to protect individuals from identity theft are fairly prevalent and can be seen on television and on the internet, warning users to protect themselves, sometimes even using the fear of your life bei ng ruined to persuade you to use their product. The author for this article is Chris Swecker, the former Assistant Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation who now works as an Attorney and a Consultant for Security, Financial Crimes, Cyber Crimes, and Corporate Espionage, while also being the Chairman for the North Carolina Governor’s Crime Commission. I believe this article is very credible as it is written with someone who was once in the FBI and likely has access to a large variety of credible sources. Although the year this article was published was 2009, so it is a bit older than other information you may find on the topic. I still believe that the information provided has value to it for the purpose of my speech in informing on the dangers of cybercrime. For my second source I used an article written by a Tom Regan, a media consultant for J-Lab, the institute for Interactive journalism. I believe he is fairly credible, but not necessarily an expert on staying saf e on the internet, seeing as he became victim to a phishing scam in the first place. He provides his experience with being â€Å"Phished† even though he was aware of the dangers of these types of scams. He goes into detailShow MoreRelatedCrime Data Sources in the United States3348 Words   |  14 PagesCrime Data Sources in the United States: The collection of crime data in the United States is carried out through different approaches including Uniform Crime Reports and the National Incident-Based Reporting System, which also act as the two primary sources of crime data for crime reporting. The data obtained from these sources are used for research and documentation of crime status at the county, state, and national levels. Notably, the National Incident-Based Reporting System emerged as anRead More‚Äà ºDespite all the problems associated with their use, crime statistics created by governments remain one of the most useful sources of data regarding criminal and deviant behaviour‚Äà ¹1003 Words   |  5 PagesCrime statistics published by the Home Office provide information regarding crime rates, the trends of which ethnicity, social class, areas in the country that commit the highest rates crime. The method that is used to collate the data. Quantitative methods such as questionnaires and secondar y data are used by positivists (who see sociology as a science) which means that the problems with the methods used relate to the problems with crime statistics. There are many problems with official statisticsRead MoreEssay on An Explanation of Corporate Crime856 Words   |  4 PagesAn Explanation of Corporate Crime This analytical source review will analyse and detail the views and opinions of four different sources including: The sociology of corporate crime: an obituary, Corporate Crime, Corporate Crime at the tip of the iceberg and White Collar and Corporate Crime. The topic this review will be primarily concerned with is corporate crime, the topic will be examined and the notion of ignorance towards the subject will be addressed. HoweverRead MoreThe Social Problem Of Crime978 Words   |  4 Pagessocial problem computer crime, but more specifically identity theft. In this paper, I analyzed six different articles from various sources. I chose cyber crime as my topic because I have an interest in computers and coding. I also like to watch documentaries and a television show on cybercrime scene investigations. Analyzing articles on this topic will help me develop further knowledge on this topic and how it is considered a social problem in our society. Computer crime refers to any violationRead MoreThis Research Will Explore A Wide Collection Of Literature927 Words   |  4 Pageswhether religion effectively prevents crime. It certainly differs from mainstream crime in that it attempts to seek the influences religion may have in committing or preventing criminal deviancy. The role of religion seems to be indistinguishable and is increasingly becoming an area of attention. This taken into account, makes the selected study engaging in that it investigates the impact of religion on crime. 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Youth crime has been an issue for a long time now; however it is becoming a major issue as it is only getting worse with how many youngsters are committing crime as well as the seriousness of the youth crimes is increasing. Criminologists as well as sociologists try to find out the main reason behind children turning to crime and have managed toRead MoreThe International Communication Association For An Academic Readership1652 Words   |  7 PagesCritical analysis Title Romer, Daniel, Hall Jamieson, Kathleen Aday, Sean 2003, ‘Television News and the Cultivation of Fear of Crime’, Journal of communication, vol. 53, pp. 88-104. Topic This paper explores the concept of cultivation theory and the way in which violent programming on television can instil fear and influence perceptions when it comes to experiencing crime in the community. In using research findings to explore their hypothesis, the authors focus on analyzing data which underpinsRead MoreThe Consequences of Prohibition Essay580 Words   |  3 PagesEighteenth Amendment was meant to have reduced the consumption level, consequently to have reduced death rates, poverty and principally crime, in the USA. Yet this had quite the opposite effect. The .Act led to even more damage, death and destruction. Many would believe Prohibition was the source of explosive growth of organized crime, as a result the amount of alcohol consumption dramatically increased. The Federal Prohibition Bureau was organised to enforce the ActRead MoreEssay about Criminal Justice Myths and Facts1363 Words   |  6 Pages Compare and contrast crime myths and facts. The media plays a huge role in forming peoples perceptions of crime. Without the media we would remain ignorant to occurrences outside our direct social groups. The media and especially news coverage therefore provides us with an important point of contact with the rest of society. In evaluating its effect on popular perceptions of crime it becomes important to consider where most of the information comes from and how representative it is on

Hegemonic masculinity Free Essays

Hegemonic masculinity refers to the culturally normative ideal behaviours of males. This concept is based on the assumption that there is a hierarchy of masculine behaviour, suggesting that most societies encourage men to exemplify a dominant version of masculinity. Hegemonic masculinity is competitive and reflects an inclination for males to pursue domination over other males and subordinate females. We will write a custom essay sample on Hegemonic masculinity or any similar topic only for you Order Now Contrary to feminism, anti-femininity demonstrates a male’s strong aversion and fear of being attributed to feminine characteristics. Men’s identity strategies are stablished through their complicit or resistant stance to prescribed dominant masculine styles. Masculine characters are not given. Rather, a range of possible styles and personae emerge from the gender regimes found in different cultures and periods of time. It is undeniable that the definition of a man is the same today as it was a decade ago. Among the possible ways of being masculine, some become winning style and it is this with which men must engage. This manufactured image of the male projected the appearance of an educated man, the talented athlete, hardworking good family man, with the ability to always provide. This has become the standard definition of manhood. The workplace became the arena that allowed manhood to be tested and, proving to other males. It provided the space for which men could prove opposite characteristic of women, although women were one of many vehicles available to males for the purpose of exhibiting levels of success. Through the gender identity model, demonstrated by Christopher T. Kilmartin, this paper will view the different dimensions of male and female gender roles. Moreover, through the work of Ann Ferguson, the crucial interpretation of gender performance nd transgressive acts will be fundamental in identifying how hegemonic masculinity is identified as anti-femininity. In all societies the obvious biological difference between men and women is used as a Justification for forcing them into different social roles which limit and shape their attitudes and behavior. That is to say, no society is content with the natural difference of sex, but each insists on adding to it a cultural difference of gender. The simple physical facts therefore always become associated with complex psychological qualities. It is not enough for a man to be male; he also has to appear masculine. A woman, in addition to being female, must also be feminine. However, once the contrast between men and women has been increased and accentuated in this fashion, it is usually taken as a further manifestation of biological differences, which confirm the need for different social roles. Thus, from an early age, boys are helped to acquire a masculinity that allows them to assume and maintain that position. By the same token, girls are taught to cultivate a submissive femininity. The resulting difference in the male and female character is then described as inborn and used to defend the existing power rrangement. Only those who accept it are normal, and only they can expect to succeed. The male social role is designed to reward masculine men, while the female social role offers its relative advantages only to feminine women. Gender identity is ultimately derived from both chromosomal makeup and physical appearance, but this does not mean that psychosocial influences are missing. Socialization, or the process whereby a child learns the norms and roles that society nas created tor his or her gender, plays a significant role in the establishment of her or his sense of emaleness or maleness. If a child learns she is a female and is raised as a female, the child believes she is female; if told he is a male and raised as a male, the child believes he is male. Beginning at birth, most parents treat their children according to the child’s gender as determined by the appearance of their genitals. Parents even handle their baby girls less aggressively than their baby boys. Children quickly develop a clear understanding that they are either female or male, as well as a strong desire to adopt gender-appropriate mannerisms and behaviors. This normally occurs ithin two years, according to many authorities. In short, biology sets the stage, but children’s interactions with the social environment actually determine the nature of gender identity. The gender identity model also carries the assumption that, ‘being like a woman’ is a negative outcome in personality development† (Kilmartin, 39). Early psychoanalytic theorists were quick in assuming that poor motherhood was the primary drawback in a male child being overly feminine. Other Justifications point to an absent father who was away often or very distant from his children. The feminine male has been demonstrated as a scary unwanted image. A teenage boy is not supposed to cry during a romantic movie. If a young boy associates with too many feminine things, he may end up identifying more with women than with men. All females are not necessarily feminine and all males are not necessarily masculine. We are never provided with a definitive answer to what constitutes masculinity, but instead we are provided with details and examples of how an why masculinity cannot be reduced to the male body and its effects, asserting as well that dominant asculinity relies on alternate masculinities, such as female masculinity. Masculinity in this society inevitably conjures up notions of power, legitimacy and privilege, a fact which closely ties the idea of masculinity to conceptions of race gender, sexuality and class, yet this power is only recognizable in opposition where masculinity only become legible as masculinity only in certain social settings. Ann Ferguson highlights three strategies in which males display masculinity. Heterosexual power; â€Å"always marked as a male† (Ferguson, 81). This refers to the social theory that men ave unearned advantages or rights granted to them solely on the basis of their sex, but usually denied to women. In societies with male privilege, men are afforded social, economic, and political benefits because they are male. Second involves role reversal, which is described by Ferguson as the disruption of the normal direction of the flow of power. Girls are outperforming boys at every level of education; women are overtaking men in the workplace in both status and pay. More men are becoming househusbands. Girls are becoming more assertive and aggressive whilst boys are becoming more feminine. Females are graceful in becoming the dominant gender. Third, Ferguson identifies violence as a strategy in displaying masculinity. This displays the conflict between authority and masculinity. These masculine strategies reassert the notion that gender is a performance. Contrary to feminine behavior, males are at constant battle to upkeep the masculine image. C. J. Pascoe’s representation of the anti-feminine male exemplified the anxiety males have of being labeled as feminine. She implied through her research that it is acceptable to be gay, under the conditions that you are masculine as well. Her rendition ot the tag discourse argues that labeling other’s as a tag is central to boys’ joking relationships. Joking about the â€Å"fag† both strengthens relationships among boys and soothes their social anxiety. The high school boys from Pascoe’s study bond by throwing the fag nickname at one another where boys call their peers fag for a number of reasons, such as being incompetent, showing emotion, caring about appearances, dancing or expressing interest in other guys, all these trait subjective to the female identity. Another aspect of fag discourse is the enactment of the fag, in hich high school boys would act out exaggerated femininity or pretend to be sexually attracted to men. Through this behavior, boys reminded themselves and each other that at any moment they could become fags if they were not sufficiently masculine† (Pascoe, 60). The notion of compulsive heterosexuality is based on the idea that one’s sexuality is not chosen, but rather forced through society. This term does not refer to a sexual orientation. Rather, it refers to a variety of behaviors, social interactions, and institutional structures. This is a good umbrella term for a lot of different physical, erbal, and emotional actions. Pascoe describes how male students exhibit compulsive heterosexuality verbally when referring to their sexual interests. It is all about â€Å"the ability to exercise mastery and dominance literally and figuratively over girls’ bodies† (Pascoe, 78). Whether a boy is objectifying, privately or publicly, a woman’s body directly at her or in the company of other men/boys, these are forms of compulsive heterosexuality. Pascoe examines how masculinity is present in not only in media, sexual practices, and desire but also in politics. This leads to how it also ffects economics and gender inequality in both physical and emotion ways. It can be seen in television shows, clothing ads, or unequal pay wages between men and women. In terms of anti femininity, hegemonic masculinity is the display of behaviors opposite to those deemed feminine. A hegemonic male will allow himself to suppress feelings of emotion and vulnerability to qualify as a manly man. Through the works of Pascoe, Ferguson and Kilmartin we have understood that the social construction of a male is what defines hegemonic masculinity rather than biological features. The egemonic male is seen as anti-feminine because of the social pressures he is presented. A male’s fear of being labeled as feminine is primary in defining hegemonic masculinity as anti-femininity. The competitive male who seeks dominance over others and especially females, demonstrates the strong aversion a male has over becoming a subordinate himself. Through Kilmartin’s gender identity model, it was argued that being like a woman is negative in any way, shape or form. Ann Ferguson’s three strategies argue that gender is a performance and one that must be up kept through constant displays of power. Pascoe’s fag discourse and ompulsive heterosexuality concepts present the anti-feminine in males through name-calling and, again, displays of dominance. How to cite Hegemonic masculinity, Papers

Marijuana Position Paper free essay sample

The legalization of Marijuana for medical purposes or even entirely has been hotly debated for some time now. More and more states are passing voter approved bills to legalize the cultivation and use of marijuana for medicinal purposes. One, state, Colorado has even legalized it completely. The legalization of marijuana for medical purposes is in the best interest of the people of the United States. The use of medical marijuana is much more effective and much less toxic to the body than many other pharmaceuticals from the big drug companies. Legalization brings in a significant amount of revenue by way of tax income to the government, much of which is used to fund public schools. Those opposed to the legalization of marijuana say that it is a gateway drug to other harder drugs and should not be legalized. Those opposed to the legalization cite many studies that have findings consistent with the proposition that marijuana is a gate way drug. We will write a custom essay sample on Marijuana Position Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is interesting however that most of these studies are done by conservative groups or groups that in some way support the large drug companies. There can be no way to accurately conduct an experiment into whether marijuana and the use of it will lead to the use of other drugs. There are so many other societal factors that come into play when looking at the drug problem in the United States, that to say it is due to marijuana use is a stretch at best. Physicians that are willing to go out on a limb and support the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes cite huge successes with its use in certain situation and with certain medical conditions such as cancer and glaucoma (Tullo, P. 84). Physicians have reported huge success when it comes to treating a whole host of ailments and applaud the fact that some people can move away from harder prescription drugs. The use and abuse of prescription drugs is a much bigger problem in society than the use of marijuana. Those in the medical community that are willing to be honest and open about the risks of marijuana to the body as opposed to the risk of harder narcotics, will almost always choose marijuana for their patients (Hart, P. A17). Legalizing marijuana is also a great income source for the government. Tax dollars in states that have legalized and regulated marijuana are reaching staggering figures. In a time when so many state governments are on the brink of collapse, marijuana would be a tremendous boost to the state coffers with very little down side risk. Colorado for example has earmarked the first $40 million dollars of tax revenue every year to help public schools. Marijuana for medicinal purposes is much less addictive and much less toxic to the body than other opiates and harder prescription drugs. Marijuana can also bring hundreds of millions of dollars in tax revenue to state governments, many of which are in dire straights economically and could use the type of boost that this income source would be able to provide. The people that oppose the legalization of marijuana use old fashioned rhetoric to try and scare people into thinking that marijuana is nothing but a gate way drug used by criminals. This argument is unfounded and outdated. The pros of legalization of marijuana so far outweigh the cons that more and more states are getting voter approval. The people are continuing to speak so it is time for everybody to listen. Marijuana should be legalized for medical purposes.